Menu

Create native application menus and context menus.

Process: Main

Each Menu consists of multiple MenuItems and each MenuItem can have a submenu.

Examples

The Menu class is only available in the main process, but you can also use it in the render process via the remote module.

Main process

An example of creating the application menu in the main process with the simple template API:

const {app, Menu} = require('electron')

const template = [
  {
    label: 'Edit',
    submenu: [
      {
        role: 'undo'
      },
      {
        role: 'redo'
      },
      {
        type: 'separator'
      },
      {
        role: 'cut'
      },
      {
        role: 'copy'
      },
      {
        role: 'paste'
      },
      {
        role: 'pasteandmatchstyle'
      },
      {
        role: 'delete'
      },
      {
        role: 'selectall'
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    label: 'View',
    submenu: [
      {
        label: 'Reload',
        accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+R',
        click (item, focusedWindow) {
          if (focusedWindow) focusedWindow.reload()
        }
      },
      {
        label: 'Toggle Developer Tools',
        accelerator: process.platform === 'darwin' ? 'Alt+Command+I' : 'Ctrl+Shift+I',
        click (item, focusedWindow) {
          if (focusedWindow) focusedWindow.webContents.toggleDevTools()
        }
      },
      {
        type: 'separator'
      },
      {
        role: 'resetzoom'
      },
      {
        role: 'zoomin'
      },
      {
        role: 'zoomout'
      },
      {
        type: 'separator'
      },
      {
        role: 'togglefullscreen'
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    role: 'window',
    submenu: [
      {
        role: 'minimize'
      },
      {
        role: 'close'
      }
    ]
  },
  {
    role: 'help',
    submenu: [
      {
        label: 'Learn More',
        click () { require('electron').shell.openExternal('http://electron.atom.io') }
      }
    ]
  }
]

if (process.platform === 'darwin') {
  template.unshift({
    label: app.getName(),
    submenu: [
      {
        role: 'about'
      },
      {
        type: 'separator'
      },
      {
        role: 'services',
        submenu: []
      },
      {
        type: 'separator'
      },
      {
        role: 'hide'
      },
      {
        role: 'hideothers'
      },
      {
        role: 'unhide'
      },
      {
        type: 'separator'
      },
      {
        role: 'quit'
      }
    ]
  })
  // Edit menu.
  template[1].submenu.push(
    {
      type: 'separator'
    },
    {
      label: 'Speech',
      submenu: [
        {
          role: 'startspeaking'
        },
        {
          role: 'stopspeaking'
        }
      ]
    }
  )
  // Window menu.
  template[3].submenu = [
    {
      label: 'Close',
      accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+W',
      role: 'close'
    },
    {
      label: 'Minimize',
      accelerator: 'CmdOrCtrl+M',
      role: 'minimize'
    },
    {
      label: 'Zoom',
      role: 'zoom'
    },
    {
      type: 'separator'
    },
    {
      label: 'Bring All to Front',
      role: 'front'
    }
  ]
}

const menu = Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)
Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)

Render process

Below is an example of creating a menu dynamically in a web page (render process) by using the remote module, and showing it when the user right clicks the page:

<!-- index.html -->
<script>
const {remote} = require('electron')
const {Menu, MenuItem} = remote

const menu = new Menu()
menu.append(new MenuItem({label: 'MenuItem1', click() { console.log('item 1 clicked') }}))
menu.append(new MenuItem({type: 'separator'}))
menu.append(new MenuItem({label: 'MenuItem2', type: 'checkbox', checked: true}))

window.addEventListener('contextmenu', (e) => {
  e.preventDefault()
  menu.popup(remote.getCurrentWindow())
}, false)
</script>

Class: Menu

new Menu()

Creates a new menu.

Static Methods

The menu class has the following static methods:

Menu.setApplicationMenu(menu)

• menu Menu

Sets menu as the application menu on macOS. On Windows and Linux, the menu will be set as each window's top menu.

Note: This API has to be called after the ready event of app module.

Menu.getApplicationMenu()

Returns the application menu (an instance of Menu), if set, or null, if not set.

Menu.sendActionToFirstResponder(action) macOS

• action String

Sends the action to the first responder of application. This is used for emulating default Cocoa menu behaviors, usually you would just use the role property of MenuItem.

See the macOS Cocoa Event Handling Guide for more information on macOS' native actions.

Menu.buildFromTemplate(template)

• template MenuItem[]

Generally, the template is just an array of options for constructing a MenuItem. The usage can be referenced above.

You can also attach other fields to the element of the template and they will become properties of the constructed menu items.

Instance Methods

The menu object has the following instance methods:

menu.popup([browserWindow, x, y, positioningItem])

• browserWindow BrowserWindow (optional) - Default is BrowserWindow.getFocusedWindow().
• x Number (optional) - Default is the current mouse cursor position.
• y Number (required if x is used) - Default is the current mouse cursor position.
• positioningItem Number (optional) macOS - The index of the menu item to be positioned under the mouse cursor at the specified coordinates. Default is -1.

Pops up this menu as a context menu in the browserWindow.

menu.append(menuItem)

• menuItem MenuItem

Appends the menuItem to the menu.

menu.insert(pos, menuItem)

• pos Integer
• menuItem MenuItem

Inserts the menuItem to the pos position of the menu.

Instance Properties

menu objects also have the following properties:

menu.items

A MenuItem[] array containing the menu's items.

Notes on macOS Application Menu

macOS has a completely different style of application menu from Windows and Linux. Here are some notes on making your app's menu more native-like.

Standard Menus

On macOS there are many system-defined standard menus, like the Services and Windows menus. To make your menu a standard menu, you should set your menu's role to one of following and Electron will recognize them and make them become standard menus:

• window
• help
• services

Standard Menu Item Actions

macOS has provided standard actions for some menu items, like About xxx, Hide xxx, and Hide Others. To set the action of a menu item to a standard action, you should set the role attribute of the menu item.

Main Menu's Name

On macOS the label of the application menu's first item is always your app's name, no matter what label you set. To change it, modify your app bundle's Info.plist file. See About Information Property List Files for more information.

Setting Menu for Specific Browser Window (Linux Windows)

The setMenu method of browser windows can set the menu of certain browser windows.

Menu Item Position

You can make use of position and id to control how the item will be placed when building a menu with Menu.buildFromTemplate.

The position attribute of MenuItem has the form [placement]=[id], where placement is one of before, after, or endof and id is the unique ID of an existing item in the menu:

• before - Inserts this item before the id referenced item. If the referenced item doesn't exist the item will be inserted at the end of the menu.
• after - Inserts this item after id referenced item. If the referenced item doesn't exist the item will be inserted at the end of the menu.
• endof - Inserts this item at the end of the logical group containing the id referenced item (groups are created by separator items). If the referenced item doesn't exist, a new separator group is created with the given id and this item is inserted after that separator.

When an item is positioned, all un-positioned items are inserted after it until a new item is positioned. So if you want to position a group of menu items in the same location you only need to specify a position for the first item.

Examples

Template:

[
  {label: '4', id: '4'},
  {label: '5', id: '5'},
  {label: '1', id: '1', position: 'before=4'},
  {label: '2', id: '2'},
  {label: '3', id: '3'}
]

Menu:

- 1
- 2
- 3
- 4
- 5

Template:

[
  {label: 'a', position: 'endof=letters'},
  {label: '1', position: 'endof=numbers'},
  {label: 'b', position: 'endof=letters'},
  {label: '2', position: 'endof=numbers'},
  {label: 'c', position: 'endof=letters'},
  {label: '3', position: 'endof=numbers'}
]

Menu:

- ---
- a
- b
- c
- ---
- 1
- 2
- 3